Iron Age Y-DNA from North Macedonia
This dataset shows Iron Age Y-DNA samples from the territory of modern North Macedonia, based on data from Iosef Lazaridis et al. (2022). Two outlier individuals are not included in the chart.
These populations were identified in Greek historical records as the Paeonians.
The haplogroups present in these samples reflect several different historical layers:
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G2, C1, and J2a-Z6055 derive from Neolithic populations.
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R1b reflects ancestry connected with Yamnaya culture expansions.
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E1b-V13 is associated with Thracian-related expansions from the Carpathian region around 1000 BCE.
Based on the current data, the Paeonians were unlikely to have been closely related to the Illyrians, since the characteristic J2b-L283 haplogroup, commonly associated with Illyrian populations, is absent.
Instead, they may have been closer to populations such as the Phrygians and the Ancient Macedonians. A connection with the Thracians is also possible, though somewhat less likely.
An older and now obsolete theory proposed a Paei → Hai sound shift as evidence for a migration of Proto-Armenians from the Balkans. However, this interpretation is no longer supported by current historical and genetic evidence.
Nevertheless, Armenians and Paeonians remain related in a broader sense, both as members of the Indo-European languages, and through shared Neolithic ancestry reflected in the genetic record.
Some of these samples and some of the female samples are most definitely related to Illyrians. Actually some of these samples could be cousins with some of the Illyrian samples based on IBD sharing and are probably Dardani, Dassareti or Penestae. Also they have R1b like some of the Illyrian samples. We don't have J-L283 in Kamenica either yet we know they were Illyrians based on autosomal and archeological site. As for the E-V13, it's an E-L618. And certainly nothing supports a Thracian expansion from carpathians in 1000 bc , those are nothing but fringe theories.
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